Augmentation mammoplasty is a type of plastic surgery performed to enlarge and correct the shape of the breast.The operation is performed through special implants, which are almost in no way inferior to the natural mammary glands.
What is this
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows you to correct the mammary glands.This technique is applied to women with sagging breasts, for example, changes in shape and volume due to childbirth or breastfeeding.
Mammoplasty is one of the methods of surgical enlargement and correction of the shape of the breasts.
The operation is prescribed after a thorough examination and is performed in a hospital.
At this time, implants of different shapes, content and volume are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoral muscle.
The location of the incisions may also be different.In order to prevent the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of care.
After the operation, the specialist will give recommendations on choosing the size of the implants so that the mammary glands look more natural.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several types.
According to the content
They are divided into several types.
Silicone
They consist of a gel that binds together in varying degrees of density.The peculiarity of such implants is that they do not leak if damaged.
salt
Filling: saline solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their cost will be slightly lower.In addition, they have a shorter shelf life, and when worn under the skin, bumps and bumps can occur.
Installation of selected implants is the main stage of augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depends on their correct placement and tissue contact.
Most complications can be avoided by competent actions of the surgeon.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bioimplant.It is fully compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantage is flexibility, safety and non-toxicity.
According to the form
Experts distinguish round and teardrop-shaped implants.The first are used for small changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
According to the type and profile of the surface
The surface of prostheses can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor should take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, breast bone structure, the condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To place an implant in the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, as a result of which the vacuum cavity is replaced.
Periareolar
The breast tissue breaks down at the areola site.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the breast, but also to change its position.
After the operation, the scar disappears almost completely over time.
Submammary
An incision is made along the crease line under the breast.In terms of the invisibility of scars, this method is considered the most convenient, because the seam is located where the mammary gland covers the skin of the body.
Axillary
Covers incisions in the area near the armpits.The method is messy and more complicated;scars will be placed where they are visible.In addition, in this case, it is difficult to place the implants correctly in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Placement of prostheses
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoral muscle.Often, a combined method is used, in which several ground tactics are combined at the same time.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values should be taken into account:
- pointentry;
- volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalfeaturesand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalsituationcustomers;
- having a relativerestrictionsto surgery.
Plastic surgery involves three categories of complexity.
First
Complexity grade 1 augmentation mammoplasty includes periareolar access and endoprosthetics.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgical intervention.
Second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prostheses with a vertical scar are made;implies moderate interference and damage.
the third
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which the implants are installed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformations and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery are:
- smallsizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- danglingprolapse of the breast or areola, which can occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- to changeformsas a result of lactation or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- executed incorrectlyplasticbefore that;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor still remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Breast correction using gel or silicone prostheses has absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs with severe disease;
- ageup to 18 years;
- infancy periodnutrition;
- cancer;
- mentalabnormalities and epileptic seizures;
- violationclotting abilityblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous noduleswithin the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicose veinsdilation of blood vessels
In addition, surgery is not recommended for diabetes mellitus in the compensation phase.The operation will have to be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty includes preparation.
An important point is to visit some specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area, determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will inform you about the actions, results and result during the surgical operation.
Consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help determine any restrictions for the operation.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and the tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
After that, the patient is sent for laboratory tests, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- according to group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
Instrumental examination includes fluorography, radiography, electrocardiogram and ultrasound examinations.
In case of pathological processes occurring in a chronic form, it is necessary to get a report from the attending physician indicating the period of remission.
If no contraindications for surgical intervention are identified, a woman should follow a number of recommendations in the preparatory phase.
You should stop smoking and drinking alcohol no later than a week and a half before the expected date.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous tension.You will also need to stop taking medicines that reduce blood clotting.
Implementation technique
It is possible to visit the clinic a day before surgery or directly on the day of surgery.Before that, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.The woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured in the morning in the hospital.
After that, the specialist applies general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed, and the body is connected to a special device that allows monitoring the condition of the body during the operation.
After the anesthesia takes effect, the doctor goes directly to the manipulation itself.A cut of the required length is made in the pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully separated to form a pocket into which the implant will later be placed.Veins are cauterized to stop bleeding.
The surgeon then removes the endoprosthesis and installs it in the desired position through the incision.After all manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixation bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by a form-fitting garment, which prevents the implant from shifting to the side.
Recovery time
First of all, it is necessary to properly care for the wound surface, this will not only prevent the formation of pustular formations, but also speed up the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbable sutures are applied to the incision and do not require removal.After about 7 days, the patient only needs to remove the nodules that protrude above the surface of the skin.
To prevent the formation of scars, it is necessary to put a plaster on the seam and wear a corset.
In the first few days after the operation, the woman will be bothered by sharp pain, so the specialist will recommend taking an analgesic to relieve it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the possibility of infection.
You should not take a hot shower or bath or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks to relieve the swelling.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no later than 2 weeks after the installation of the implants.
You should not go to the sauna, bath and solarium for 5 days.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
During the recovery period, special attention should be paid to the diet.Food should be light and easily digestible.You should include more iron-rich fruits and vegetables and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such events are not dangerous for human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding- vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma- as a rule, it appears a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must stay in the hospital for 1-3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areolar complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the touch nerve;
- hematomas;
- smellat the suture site - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic rules;
- educationkeloidsscars and hypertrophic tissue;
- breakage ordeflationprosthesis (expiration);
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsulefibrous contracture.
Any of the above results require immediate medical attention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical operation that requires highly skilled surgeons.Therefore, before deciding on breast augmentation with implants, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons and to seriously approach the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will be performed.